When she retired from politics in 1992, Margaret Thatcher became the university's second chancellor, a post she held until 1998. Notable alumni include playwright and director Bader Ben Hirsi, MP for Great Yarmouth and former chairman of the Conservative Party Brandon Lewis and MP for Milton Keynes North Mark Lancaster. Visit our Health Sciences Crewe campus and discover the various programmes that we offer, including medicine and biomedical sciences. (Graduate labour market statistics, 2021). Our Business degrees offer the opportunity of a work placement year, allowing you to gain hands-on experience in industry. Students learn through our unique tutorials, which are in addition to lectures and seminars. We also offer a range of healthcare courses, including medicine, at our brand new Health Sciences campus in Crewe, based in Cheshire in North West England. It is located in Buckingham, England, and was founded as the University College at Buckingham ( UCB) in 1973, admitting its first students in 1976. Tour our accommodation, chat to staff and students, hear from the Students' Union, and explore exactly what it's like to be a student at Buckingham. 16 Sep, 2022: The Times Good University Guide update. Our Schools of Medicine and Allied Health are hubs for professional healthcare training based at both Buckingham and Crewe. The University of Buckingham are here to help you shape your future. That being said, this is no disadvantage to any students as Buckingham Medical school received GMC . The University of Buckingham achieves place 85. Milton Keynes central station is 20 minutes drive away. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies. The world is our campus. We believe in a high-quality education delivered with passion and focus on imparting useful and relevant knowledge. 6 Sep 2023, 08:00 Virtual and digital. Alternatively, you can complete both your undergraduate and masters degree with us in just three years: saving you time and money. We keep class sizes small, with a student:academic staff ratio of 10.4:1 and the Oxbridge style tutorial groups . We also offer students the opportunity to study a degree their way, giving a range of options on how to study, and September and January start dates for almost all of our courses. 24 Sep, 2022: The Guardian News and Media Limited announced latest results of The Guardian University League Tables by Subject (Business and Management) with The University of Buckingham in position 60. Here, on or just off Hunter Street, are some of the university's central buildings: Yeomanry House; the Anthony de Rothschild building (which contains Humanities); the Humanities Library; and also some of the student accommodation, looking northwards across the river. (1280) 820313. You will be assigned a personal tutor to support you every step of the way, and our academic and student support teams will ensure you have the tools to succeed in your studies. The University of Buckingham (UB) is a non-profit private university in Buckingham, England and the oldest of the country's six private universities. You will be taught both on-campus and at our clinical placements at nearby hospitals. You can get the best of both worlds; you are never far from a city. "As Indiana's . Honours degrees are achieved in two intensive years of study. The University of Buckingham is a non-profit private university in Buckingham, England and the oldest of the country's six private universities. Apply for a postgraduate study now, start in January or September. The University is located in Buckingham, England and is the only independent University in the UK with a Royal Charter. Visit our Health Sciences Crewe campus and discover the various programmes that we offer, including medicine and biomedical sciences. There are two main sites in Buckingham: Hunter Street (with the adjacent Chandos Road Complex) and Verney Park, which is a short drive away. The Great Ouse river, home to much wildlife, winds through the heart of our campus. University of Aberdeen. The University of Buckingham was created as a university college in 1973, overseen by Margaret Thatcher, who at the time, was education secretary. You will study your undergraduate degree in a supportive environment where you can thrive academically and expand your interests in an interactive learning setting. Across the Pond. It was granted university status by royal charter in 1983. It has formal charity status as a not-for-profit institution dedicated to the ends of research and education. Because Buckingham's degrees take two years to complete, students view its degrees as cost-effective compared to other UK university courses, once the income from an extra year's employment is taken into account. University of Buckingham - Open Day. Save 25% on a PhD programme if you have a Buckingham masters degree with a Merit; save 33% with a Distinction. With our two-year model, you can complete both your undergraduate and master's degree with us in just three years: saving you time and money. It currently enrols over 3000 undergraduate and graduate students. The University of Buckingham Buckingham Campus. At Buckingham, you'll be taught by experts who are internationally recognised as pioneers in their field - so you'll graduate with the latest industry knowledge. The GMC has commended the University for the excellent professional, academic and pastoral support that extends throughout the University and clinical learning environments and the robust systems that ensure the quality of all aspects of the MB ChB programme, including teaching and assessment. . The Dean of the School, Karol Sikora, was a Foundation Fellow of Prince Charles's now-defunct alternative medicine lobby group, The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health,[31] and is Chair of the Faculty of Integrated Medicine, which is unaffiliated with any university but also includes Rosy Daniel and Mark Atkinson, who co-ordinated Buckingham's "integrated medicine" course. The university's Business Enterprise undergraduates and businesses that are members of Buckinghamshire Business First use the Buckingham Enterprise Hub, which is located in the Vinson Building. LL.M. Our discounts. Buckingham is unique. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies. Visit our unique riverside campus to discover your future prospects at Buckingham. Buckingham was closely linked to Margaret Thatcher, who as Education Secretary oversaw the creation of the university college in 1973, and as Prime Minister was instrumental in elevating it to a university in 1983; thus creating the first private university in the UK since the establishment of the University Grants Committee in 1919. Find a course, A selection of postgraduate scholarships and discounts are available. When living costs are included, our students pay about 20% less than they would on a three-year course at a university charging 9,250pa for tuition. The 2020 and 2021 accounts had to that date not been published. Find your perfect course using our Course Finder. It is the only independent university in the UK with a Royal Charter, and probably the smallest with around 2,000 students (approx 1,300 on campus). For more information please visit our. The university was established in 1973 as University College at Buckingham or UCB and was conferred university status in 1983. Our strategic plans sets out the University's proposals to developing our vision into the future. Professor Alan Smithers, director of the Centre for Education and Employment Research (CEER) at the University of Buckingham, has suggested there could be around 300,000 fewer entries graded 7 or . Financial returns after 2019 show a healthy financial position. Our decision to make an offer is based on how well you do at Selection. Can you list the top facts and stats about University of Buckingham? The University of Buckingham strategy 2023 - 2028. The University of Buckingham is in a sound financial position. Academic Writing, Referencing and Plagiarism, Centre for Education and Employment Research, Institute for Biomedical and Biosciences Research, BSEU (Buckingham Sustainable Enterprise Unit), Buckingham Enterprise and Innovation Unit (BEIU), Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies (BUCSIS), Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology (BCAB). We offer a wide range of masters degrees, including MSc, MA, MBA and LLM courses. Webmail; It is a modern higher education institution, established in 1983. [8] Buckingham's finances for teaching operate entirely on student fees and endowments; it does not receive direct state funding (via the Office for Students or Research England) although its students can receive student loans from the Student Loans Company. The University of Buckingham ranking is based on 3 factors: research output (EduRank's index has 2,222 academic publications and 21,187 citations attributed to the university), non-academic . Call us today on 01280 820299. We keep class sizes small, with a student:academic staff ratio of 10.5:1 and the Oxbridge style tutorial groups are often personalised and always exhilarating.The University campus is well known for being one of the most attractive locations in the region. The University of Buckingham (UB) is a non-profit private university in Buckingham, England and the oldest of the country's six private universities. It has acquired a new site on the west side of the river, which will increase the capacity of the river-side campus as a whole. The University of Buckingham was created as a university college in 1973, overseen by Margaret Thatcher, who at the time, was education secretary. School of Psychology. You'll get full access to our website, print and digital editions. Academic Writing, Referencing and Plagiarism, Centre for Education and Employment Research, Institute for Biomedical and Biosciences Research, BSEU (Buckingham Sustainable Enterprise Unit), Buckingham Enterprise and Innovation Unit (BEIU), Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies (BUCSIS), Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology (BCAB). The auditors of the accounts noted "the existence of a material uncertainty which may cast significant doubt about the groups and the universitys ability to continue as a going concern. When living costs are included, our students pay about 20% less than they would on a three-year course at a university charging 9,250pa for tuition. [42], The university validated courses in medicine at Medipathways College, a small private college based in London. The University of Buckingham ranked 121st in the United Kingdom, 2326th in the global 2023 rating, and scored in the TOP 50% across 25 research topics. 26 Available programs. Studying at Buckingham - Psychology Taster webinar. The University of Buckingham (UB) is a non-profit private university in Buckingham, England and the oldest of the country's six private universities. Our university was created by academics who were determined to offer a high quality student-focussed experience. It also publishes three other journals: The Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics,[67] The Journal of Prediction Markets,[68] and The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics. The University of Buckingham Programs, Courses and Schools Hunter Street, Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, MK18 1EG, United Kingdom, All ranked institutions have an overall score and 4 pillar scores. Important: admission policy and acceptance rate may vary by areas of study, degree level, student nationality or residence and other criteria. 2Based on British Council average figure (Cost of studying in the UK | Study UK (britishcouncil.org). Also, the university is a member of the Independent Universities Group. Private university in Buckinghamshire, UK, Toggle Organisation and governance subsection, Toggle Reputation and rankings subsection, School of Postgraduate Medicine and Allied Health, Vinson Centre for Economics and Entrepreneurship. We are proudly independent and not-for-profit, and offer courses in Allied . Read our how to apply pages for detailed information about what is involved when applying to study a Postgraduate degree at Buckingham. The dean of the school is Dr DebarpitaBardhan-Correia. Resources. [79][bettersourceneeded]. The University of Buckingham is a prominent institution located in Buckinghamshire, England, and was founded in 1976. The quality of the university's provision is maintained, as at other UK universities, by an external examiner system (i.e., professors from other universities oversee and report on exams and marking), by an academic advisory council (comprising a range of subject-specialist academics from other universities), and by membership of the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA). If you can't visit our beautiful campus at the moment, you don't have to miss out on our public talks, lectures and seminars. Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology (BCAB) School of Psychology. It was founded as the University College at Buckingham (UCB) in 1973, admitting its first students in 1976. September and January start dates are offered for almost all courses. The University of Buckingham has a business school[37] which offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications for students. [28] Other medical courses are offered in the School of Postgraduate Medicine and Allied Health. Find out more. The University of Buckingham Buckingham Campus. The University of Buckingham is ranked 2nd for Graduate Prospects (On Track) in the UK. at a top-10 UK law school. [40], The university offers traditional degrees over a shorter than usual time-frame. Buckingham. The University of Buckingham had fallen again to 123rd out of 130 universities in the University League Tables 2022. We introduce patient contact from as early as term one, giving you plenty of opportunities to interact and shadow leading practitioners. The University of Buckingham is ranked 2nd for Graduate Prospects (On Track) in the UK. However, he says the total tuition fees for the course would be 175,000, which he . Book your place here: bit.ly/3Rp2GXm. [citation needed], On 24 February 2020, Mary Archer was installed as chancellor of the university,. She played a key role in its elevation to university status in 1983, which made it the UK's first private university since the University Grants Committee was set up in 1916. As an independent medical school, we have no cap on international student places. When the university began to offer traditional degrees, it . After retiring from politics, Thatcher was the university's chancellor from 1992 until 1998. We are proud that the Good University Guide 2023 ranked us top 10 in the UK for Student Satisfaction. One of the important factors when considering a master's degree is the cost of study. 8,885 were here. We use cookies in order to give you the best possible experience on our website. He was awarded a Research Fellowship of the European Society of Cardiology; and was a post-doc fellow at the University of Oxford. It is the only independent university in the UK with a Royal Charter, and probably the smallest with around 2,700 students (approx 1,600 on campus). If you know what you want to study, tasters are a great way to experience first-hand our top-quality teaching and interactive small-group setting in a specific subject. Research in Psychology. Feb 6. as well as principles of academic freedom and independence have been threaded through the University's vision from its commencement. It was given the status of a university in 1983 by Royal Charter. Postgraduate taught degrees offer flexible study options to help you manage your life while working towards your career outcomes. At Buckingham we offer a wide-range of different Undergraduate degrees, tailored for different learning needs. Save the Student). Publications. Mr Harrison-Blount sits on the Academic and Clinical Governance Committee (ACG) for the College of Podiatry and continues to practice podiatry in Nantwich. For specific information on your chosen courses fees, please visit the course page. Careers. The School of Postgradaute Medicine and Allied Health offers postgraduate Master of Surgery and Master of Medicine programmes aimed at overseas-qualified doctors preparing for the General Medical Council's Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board in order to practice in the UK.[36]. In 2023 the numbers applying to university fell for the second year in a row. Admission Office. Fees and Finance. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies. Studying at Buckingham - Law Taster webinar. Our Medicine and Health Science courses are suited to both UK and international students. We use cookies in order to give you the best possible experience on our website. We use cookies in order to give you the best possible experience on our website. Academic Writing, Referencing and Plagiarism, Centre for Education and Employment Research, Institute for Biomedical and Biosciences Research, BSEU (Buckingham Sustainable Enterprise Unit), Buckingham Enterprise and Innovation Unit (BEIU), Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies (BUCSIS), Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology (BCAB), Certificate in Medical Foundation Studies (9 months), BSc (Hons) Biomedical Sciences (2-year degree), CertHE Medical Sciences Pre-Med (9-months), Postgraduate Certificate in Medical Education. We use cookies in order to give you the best possible experience on our website. programs in popular areas, including International Law and Human Rights. University of Buckingham (UB), Private : List of courses . The university is within easy reach of London, equidistant between Oxford and Cambridge, and close to the M1 and M40. Honours degrees are achieved in two intensive years of study. Applications are open year-round for our postgraduate courses, and we offer various start dates throughout the year (deadlines apply for each intake). We have a range of different degree options, including our unique two-year degree structure, available in a range of subjects, which lets you fast track your studies and finish one year earlier than traditional university courses. Luckily, there are many options available to help students fund their master's programme. [58][59] The QAA indicated it had "limited confidence" in the university's management of academic standards in 2008, as the external academic advisory council had "come to see itself as part of the Buckingham academic community" and "serious concerns about academic standards [had] been flagged by external examiners". [18], Near the centre of the town of Buckingham is the riverside campus, which is partly contained within a south-turning bend of the River Great Ouse. Dr Harris has worked clinically in both hospital practice and primary care, achieving Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) and Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners (MRCGP). The academic faculty is always there to assist students in their studies and always makes sure students are comfortable in what they are doing. This document sets out our . 1Living costs based on National Student Money Survey 2022 estimated cost of living 11,088 per year. The Professor of Economics, and Dean of Humanities, Martin Ricketts, is the chair of the Institute of Economic Affairs Academic Advisory Council. BA English Literature 3-year degree (Flexible Honours), BA English Literature 3-year degree (Single Honours), BA History and Heritage Management (2-year degree), BA History of Art (final-year transfer option), BA History of Art and Heritage Management, BA History of Art and Heritage Management (Flexible Honours), BA Philosophy, Politics and Economics (2-year degree), BA Philosophy, Politics and Economics (3-year degree), BSc Accounting and Finance (2-year degree), BSc Accounting and Finance (with integrated Foundation), BSc Business Economics (with integrated Foundation), BSc Business Enterprise (BBE) (2-year degree), BSc Business Management (including work placement year), BSc Business Management (with integrated Foundation), BSc Business Management with Applied Computing (2-year degree), BSc Marketing with Media Communications (2-year degree), BSc Computing (with integrated Foundation), BSc Computing with Accounting and Finance (2-year degree), BSc Computing with Accounting and Finance (with integrated Foundation), BSc Computing with Business Management (2-year degree), BSc Computing with Business Management (with integrated Foundation), BA International Studies (with integrated Foundation), BSc Biomedical Sciences (with integrated Foundation), BSc Psychology (with integrated Foundation), BSc Psychology with Applied Computing (2-year degree), BSc Psychology with Business Management (2-year degree), BSc Psychology with English Literature (2-year degree), BSc Psychology with French (2-year degree), BSc Psychology with Spanish (2-year degree), BA Digital News and Media (Flexible Honours), BA Digital News and Media (Single Honours), BA Digital News and Media with integrated Foundation (Flexible Honours), BA Digital News and Media with integrated Foundation (Single Honours), BA International Relations (Flexible Honours), BA Security, Intelligence and Cyber (2-year degree), BSc Economics (with integrated Foundation), BSc Economics, Business and Law (2-year degree), LLB Law with Business Management (2-year degree), MA Decorative Arts and Historic Interiors, MSc Management in a Digital Service Economy, MSc Strategic Marketing & Customer Experience Management, MA Modern War Studies and Contemporary Military History, MA in Education (Evidence Based Practice), MA in War Studies and Contemporary Military History for Staff Colleges Graduates, MEd Educational Leadership and Management, Online MA Education (Teaching and Learning), Hunter Street, Buckingham, GB, Students are at the heart of everything we do at Buckingham. This is opposite the swimming pool and leisure centre. The financial statements just published are historical, dating back to 2019 and earlier. Discover how you can further your education at our Postgraduate Open Evening. James Tooley (2001), p. 25. [38] A range of undergraduate and postgraduate business, entrepreneurship, accounting and finance degrees are offered by the Business School.[37]. University of Buckingham Press (UBP) is an independent company that works closely with the University of Buckingham, the UK's first private university. From open days and engaging talks to fun social activities, University events are a great way to begin your journey with The University of Buckingham or to enhance your studies. One of . Search for: Search. Our unique 4.5-year, GMC-accredited medicine programme will develop you into a competent, safe and caring doctor, well equipped to progress in your chosen area. [47][48], From the English department, John Drew runs Dickens Journals Online, the project which has put the whole of Dickens's journalistic output on free-access on the web. Buckinghams fast-tracked schedule means youll finish your undergraduate degree sooner and be out in the workforce up to a year earlier than if you went to another university. The university was established in 1973 as University College at Buckingham or UCB and was conferred university status in 1983. Unlike other universities, it offers traditional degrees in a time frame that is shorter than usual as students study eight terms over two years, as opposed to nine terms over three, which means they cover the equivalent of a three-year degree in two years. They are made up of a range of modules that are delivered through lectures, seminars and tutorials, and will enable you to develop a higher level of expertise. The University of Buckingham is a private university which was established in 1973 and is amongst the oldest private universities in the country. Excellent teaching quality and student satisfaction. We've compiled a list of our frequently asked questions to help you. The Department of Education has two aspects, research and vocational: it conducts research into education and school provision, and also maintains various PGCE courses for teacher training. Note: The prices shown are correct at the time of being published but are subject to change without prior notice, please contact our Admissions team for accurate price information. You could even jump on a fast train to explore many big cities. Graduate with a full honours degree in just two years, saving you time and money. [29], The university ran a diploma course in "integrated medicine" that was later withdrawn under pressure from David Colquhoun,[30] a campaigner against pseudoscience and alternative medicine. [30] Andrew Miles is on the scientific council of the College of Medicine[32] an alternative medicine lobby group linked to the then Prince of Wales. We offer in-person tours of both our Buckingham and Crewe campuses. B rad Chambers, Indiana's former secretary of commerce, filed formal paperwork Thursday with the Indiana Secretary of State to announce his campaign for governor of Indiana. Michael Harrison-Blounts profile. Specialisms available. Our graduates find jobs all over the world, and the friendships they make here go a long way to broadening their experience and to giving them links that, possibly, no other university can do at such an intense level. [1], Buckingham was closely linked to Margaret Thatcher, who as Education Secretary oversaw the creation of the university college in 1973, and as Prime Minister was instrumental in elevating it to a university in 1983; thus creating the first private university in the UK since the establishment of the University Grants Committee in 1919. You could even choose to complete both an honours and a masters degree in just three years (rather than the standard four). It is located in Buckingham, England, and was founded as the University College at Buckingham (UCB) in 1973, admitting its first students in 1976. Berlin School of Business and Innovation. The University of Buckingham is a going concern. The University of Buckingham - Buckingham Campus Visit our unique riverside campus to discover your future prospects at Buckingham. Taught courses have a similar amount of contact (teaching) time as an undergraduate degree. There's still time to apply and begin your studies this SeptemberSeptember entry. Academic Writing, Referencing and Plagiarism, Centre for Education and Employment Research, Institute for Biomedical and Biosciences Research, BSEU (Buckingham Sustainable Enterprise Unit), Buckingham Enterprise and Innovation Unit (BEIU), Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies (BUCSIS), Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology (BCAB), Royal Charter 40th Anniversary Scholarship, Diversity in Computing Bursaries and Scholarships, The Lillingstone Trust Scholarship 2023/24, Philosophy, Politics and Economics Bursary, Online Application Form Essential Information, Undergraduate and Foundation Tuition Fees, Information for Teachers and Careers Advisers, Student Money Survey 2022 Results Save the Student, How much does university cost? Buckingham was closely linked to Margaret Thatcher, who as Education Secretary oversaw the creation of the university college in 1973, and as Prime Minister was instrumental in elevating it to a university in 1983; thus creating the first private . Subsequent VCs have been Michael Barrett; then Richard Luce, now Lord Luce, the former Minister for the Arts; then Robert Taylor; then Terence Kealey; then Anthony Seldon and, most recently, James Tooley. MB ChB Medicine: Applications for January 2024 are currently open. After retiring from politics in 1992, Thatcher became the university's . Postgraduate research degrees will help you make an impact in your chosen field of study. The school opened in 2015 as the first private medical school in the UK (since the establishment of the UGC in 1919), in partnership with the Milton Keynes NHS Foundation Trust. Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Bucks Healthcare Trust, Macclesfield General Hospital, East Cheshire Trust, Leighton Hospital, Mind Cheshire Hospitals, Crewe. [49], The university was awarded the Times/Sunday Times University of the Year for Teaching Quality 201516 in 2015, at which time it ranked 38th in the Times/Sunday Times league table. Join our community of passionate educators and embark on a journey of professional growth for your teachers and school. Studying at The University of Buckingham brings with it a whole host of benefits. [8] Buckingham's finances for teaching operate entirely on student fees and endowments; it does not receive direct state funding (via the Office for Students or Research England) although its students can receive student loans from the Student Loans Company. Graphic design and online media. [a] It was founded as the University College at Buckingham (UCB) in 1973, admitting its first students in 1976. You may also find it useful to look at our accommodation fees to help you to budget for your living expenses during your studies. Honours degrees are achieved in two intensive years of study. Milton Keynes is a 20-minute drive away and offers plenty to do. Apply now. History On 29 March 1973 the University College at Buckingham (UCB) was incorporated, in the form of a non-profit making company registered as an educational . Learn more about our two-year degrees here, on a master's course if you have a first-class honours degree recognised to UK standard. Glenys Margaret Elaine Hanna-Martin current Minister of Education of the Bahamas, as of 2021, obtained an LLB in 1985. The new "College of Medicine" is a fraud and delusion", "Prince's foundation metamorphoses into new College of Medicine", "It's terminal for integrated medicine diploma", "Launch of Vinson Centre for Economics and Entrepreneurship", "Private medical college decries poor diagnosis", "MEDIPATHWAYS LIMITED - Filing history (free information from Companies House)", "Amesbury Confirmed as the UK's Oldest Settlement", Leaders of the pack;Interview;Pamela Robinson;Alan Smithers;People;Briefing, Alan Smithers: declaration of independence, "The University of Buckingham is awarded Times University of the Year Award for Teaching Quality", "University graduate employment performance revealed", "National Student Survey 2018: overall satisfaction results", "National Student Survey 2019: overall improvement masks falls", "Higher Education Review (alternative providers): University of Buckingham", "Buckingham University 'breached own plagiarism rules', "TEF outcomes: The University of Buckingham", "University of Buckingham fined for filing accounts two years late", "IngentaConnect Publication: Denning Law Journal", "The Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics", "British-Yemeni Society: Bader Ben Hirsi: a Passage to Yemen", "Buckingham alumna donates 1.8m to create major University innovation and enterprise initiatives", Richmond, The American International University in London, International College of the Cayman Islands, University of Science, Arts and Technology, University of the West Indies Open Campus, University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey, Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom, East Sussex College (Lewes, Newhaven, Eastbourne and Hastings), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Buckingham&oldid=1169690461, Educational institutions established in 1976, Private universities in the United Kingdom, Libertarian organisations based in the United Kingdom, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages using cite ODNB with both doi and id parameters, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using template HESA student population, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles needing additional references from July 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2022, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022, Articles lacking reliable references from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 10 August 2023, at 17:24.

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