What Happened to Yazid After The Battle of Karbala? [40] The account of Abbas' death is not given in the primary sources, al-Tabari and Baladhuri, but a prominent Shi'a theologian Shaykh Al-Mufid states in his account in Kitab al-Irshad that Abbas went to the river together with Husayn but became separated, was surrounded, and killed. Negotiations failed after the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad refused Husayn safe passage without submitting to his authority, a condition declined by Husayn. In November 684, the Tawwabin left to confront the Umayyads, after mourning for a day at Husayn's grave in Karbala. In contrast to pilgrimage to Husayn's tomb and simple lamenting, these processions do not date back to the time of the battle, but arose during tenth century. The Shiah maintain that she was buried in Damascus, and her supposed tomb is an important site of pilgrimage for the Shiah. Eventually the severed head of Imam Husain (a.s) was presented to the governor Ibn Ziyad, who then proceeded to tap the blessed teeth of the Imam (AS) with a stick. [58], Mukhtar was an early settler of Kufa, having arrived in Iraq following its initial conquest by the Muslims. Husayn wrote back affirmatively that a rightful leader is the one who acts according to the Qur'an and promised to lead them with the right guidance. They are often used to decorate husayniyyas. That battle of Karbala, in the 7th Century, in which Hussein was killed, is often cited as the moment Shia and Sunni Muslims were cleaved apart. [8] The image of Yazid suffered and gave rise to sentiment that he was impious. Shemr wanted to kill Husayn's only surviving son Ali Zayn al-Abidin, who had not taken part in the fighting because of illness, but was prevented by Ibn Sa'd. [65] Meanwhile, Mukhtar's relations with Ibn al-Zubayr worsened and Kufan refugees in Basra persuaded Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr, the governor of the city and younger brother of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, to attack Kufa. "[48] The Umayyad soldiers then rushed Husayn and wounded him on his hand and shoulder. Four months later, in April 687, Mukhtar was killed while some 6,0008,000 of his supporters were executed. After a few days in Syria, the captured were taken back to Madina. Political supporters of Ali and his descendants (Alids). After the third caliph Uthman's assassination by rebels in 656, the rebels and the townspeople of Medina declared Ali, a cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, caliph. [68], The primary source of the Karbala narrative is the work of the Kufan historian Abu Mikhnaf titled Kitab Maqtal Al-Husayn. [173] Turkish Sufi Yunus Emre labels Husayn, along with his brother Hasan, as the "fountain head of the martyrs" and "Kings of the Paradise" in his songs. Battle ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was martyred along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. [123] According to Olmo Glz, the Karbala Paradigm provide Shi'as with heroic norms and a martyr ethos, and represents an embodiment of the battle between good and evil, justice and injustice. [3] Ibn Sa'd sent the proposal, whatever it was, to Ibn Ziyad, who is reported to have accepted but then persuaded otherwise by Shemr ibn Ziljawshan. [5] On persuasion of Husayn's cousin Abd Allah ibn Ja'far, the governor of Mecca Amr ibn Sa'id sent his brother and Ibn Ja'far after Husayn in order to assure him safety in Mecca and bring him back. His dead body was torn to pieces by hungry dogs. Ibn Nusayr seized the bloodied cloak and retreated. The procession is a remembrance of this sacrifice and the moral victory of Hussain. [88] Fred Donner, G. R. Hawting, and Hugh N. Kennedy see Husayn's revolt as an attempt to regain what his brother Hasan had renounced. The Shi'a sources assert that the army was 30,000 strong. Upon Mu'awiya's death in 680, Yazid demanded allegiance from Husayn and other dissidents. Urdu marthiya afterwards became popular throughout India. Husayn did not give allegiance and traveled to Mecca. On the other hand, Hussain (R.A) and his companions were beheaded and taken to Damascus. [40][3], After the morning prayer on 10 October, both parties took up battle positions. What happened after the battle of Karbala Imam Hussain | CABTV - YouTube 0:00 / 20:41 What happened after the battle of Karbala Imam Hussain | CABTV CABTV 23K subscribers Subscribe 2.5K Share. They proposed Husayn overthrow the Umayyads. Yazids sudden death in November 683 pushes his troops to end the blockade. He sent his men to Medinah to take Bai'yat. [59] Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, another prominent pro-Alid of Kufa, attempted to dissuade the Tawwabin from this endeavor in favor of an organized movement to take control of the city, but Ibn Surad's stature as a companion of Muhammad and an old ally of Ali, prevented most of his followers from accepting Mukhtar's proposal. [16][17] In 676, Mu'awiya nominated his son Yazid as successor,[18] a move labelled by the historian Wilferd Madelung as breach of the HasanMuawiya treaty. However, his control was very limited to parts of Syria as most of the territory had been controlled by Ibn al-Zubayrs allies. Imam Hussain and many other Muslims refused to accept him as Ameer-ul-Momineen. Zaid bin al-Arqam, a companion of our Prophet (sawa) was present at the governors house and objected to this terrible display. [23][20] According to the historians Fitzpatrick and Walker, Yazid's succession, which was considered as an "anomaly in Islamic history", transformed the government from a "consultative" form to a monarchy. [177], Battle of Karbala, Iranian painting, oil on canvas, 19th century from the Tropenmuseum Amsterdam, Tilework inside Mu'awin ul-Mulk husayniyya, Kermanshah, Iran, depicting Ali Zayn al-Abidin, Zaynab and other prisoners being taken to Yazid's court, .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}3237N 4402E / 32.617N 44.033E / 32.617; 44.033, Modern historical views on motivations of Husayn. The bodies of the dead, including that of usayn, were then mutilated, only adding to the consternation of later generations of the Shiah. [60] Although 16,000 men enlisted to fight, only 4,000 mustered. The critical role of Zainab, the sister of Hussain, after the battle of His tomb is an important Shi'i shrine. Shemr, who commanded the left wing of the Umayyad army, launched an attack, but after losses on both sides he was repulsed. God may unite us in the truth through you.' He was forced to head north and encamp in the plain of Karbala on 2 October, where a larger Umayyad army of 4,000[a] arrived soon afterwards. There was no further overt protest against the plan for Yazid's succession. Studying Law at Maritime University of Raja Ali Haji. Shemr argued that Husayn was in his domain and letting him go would be to demonstrate weakness. Imam Husain was born to the daughter of the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace), Sayyida Fatima, in the month of Shaban 4 Hijra, Sayyiduna Hasan, Husain and Mohsin were three brothers. [170] Jalal ud-Din Rumi describes Husayn's suffering at Karbala as a means to achieve union with the divine, and hence considers it to be a matter of jubilation rather than grief. Your King has died. They did not believe him but when they eventually found out that he had died, they left Makkah and went back to Syria, and so the war ended. He asked to be allowed to leave. The women who had accompanied usayn, including at least one of his wives, his sister Zaynab, and his surviving children, were taken first to Kfah and then across the desert to Yazd in Damascus. 2023 The Islamic Information - Duplication not allowed. Similarly, people from cities surrounding Makkah also came to help them. When Shimar saw him he said, Kill him also.. [133], Karbala and Shi'a symbolism played a significant role in the Iranian Revolution of 1979. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Ibn Sa'd's army fired several volleys of arrows. He then sent a messenger to inform the people of Madina that if within three days they had not agreed to the terms of the Yazid, he would prepare to go to war with them, and he would take all their possessions. Every tyrannical regime tries their very best to control the narrative of events. What Really Happened in Karbala? | About Islam [57], A few prominent Alid supporters in Kufa felt guilty for abandoning Husayn after having invited him to revolt. . Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images The Battle of Karbala. Battle ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was killed along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. Yazid then sent as many as 12,000 troops led by Umar to reconquer Medina. "[46] Ibn Sa'd wept but did nothing. [2][38], Husayn and Ibn Sa'd met during the night to negotiate a settlement; it was rumored that Husayn made three proposals: either he be allowed to return to Medina, submit to Yazid directly, or be sent to a border post where he would fight alongside the Muslim armies. According to the Shi'a sources, however, more troops had joined Ibn Sa'd in preceding days, swelling his army to 30,000 strong. After The Battle Of Karbala, What Happened To Yazid? [3], Husayn was unaware of the change of political circumstances in Kufa and decided to depart. For three days there was no call for prayers and congregational prayers were not held inside the masjid. 792), and Saint Petersburg (Am No. [69] Although Abu Mikhnaf's date of birth is unknown, he was an adult by the time of the revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath, which occurred in 701, some twenty years after the Battle of Karbala. Nonetheless, a religious sect with distinct theological doctrines and specific set of rituals had not developed. Ibn al-Zubayr proclaimed himself the Caliph (683 692 CE), and Iraq, Egypt came under his rule. Hazrat Muwaviya divorced her, and she brought Yazid with her. After a few days, the women were compensated for their belongings looted in Karbala and were sent back to Medina. [78][79], The Battle of Karbala was also reported by an early Christian source. [49] Other secondary sources include al-Mas'udi's Muruj al-Dhahab, Ibn Ath'am's Kitab al-Futuh, Shaykh al-Mufid's Kitab al-Irshad, and Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani's Maqatil al-Talibiyyin. In October 685, Mukhtar and his supporters, a significant of number of whom consisted of local converts (mawali), overthrew Ibn al-Zubayr's governor and seized Kufa. For the Shi'a, Husayn's suffering and death became a symbol of sacrifice in the struggle for right against wrong, and for justice and truth against injustice and falsehood. Husayn, Jafri asserts, was from the start aiming for martyrdom in order to jolt the collective conscience of the Muslim community and reveal what he considers to be the oppressive and anti-Islamic nature of the Umayyad regime. [59] In order to enhance their legitimacy, Abbasid rulers claimed to have avenged the death of Husayn by dethroning the Umayyads. Karbala: The Story of the Individuals of Prophet Muhammed's Family All schools of thought within Islam are privy to the battle as well as schools outside Islam. For the next three months the war carried on during Muharram and Safar and in the month of Rabi-ul-Awwal, the Syrians started to throw fire balls into Makkah aiming at the Kabah so that the people of Makkah who were with Abdullah bin Zubair may be killed. O Muhammad! Can Muslims Get It? [32] Other early monographs on the death of Husayn, which have not survived, were written by al-Asbagh al-Nubata, Jabir ibn Yazid al-Ju'fi, Ammar ibn Mu'awiya al-Duhni, Awana ibn al-Hakam, al-Waqidi, Hisham ibn al-Kalbi, Nasr ibn Muzahim, and al-Mada'ini; of these al-Nubta's monograph was perhaps the earliest. [23][20] Nonetheless, Mu'awiya convinced the people of Mecca that the four had pledged their allegiance, and received allegiance from them for Yazid. [1][5], On the following day, a 4,000-strong Kufan army arrived under the command of Umar ibn Sa'd. [32] Tabari occasionally takes material from Ammar ibn Mu'awiya,[74] Awana[75] and other primary sources, which, however, adds little to the narrative. A few days later, Husayn left for Mecca without acknowledging Yazid. Yazid sent various gifts and delegations to persuade ibn Zubayr to give allegiance to him, but Zubayrn steadfastly refused. Sunni tradition has it that she was buried in Cairo. Here is Husayn in the open, stained with blood and with limbs torn off. [3] According to Howard, some traditional sources have a tendency to exonerate Yazid at the cost of Ibn Ziyad and lower authorities. But in contrast to all Muslim sources, which state that Husayn fought Yazid, Theophilus appears to have written that Husayn was killed by Muawiyah as the final engagement of the First Fitna between the Umayyads and Ali's supporters. And His noble sister cried out loud. [104] According to Shi'a tradition the first such visit was performed by Husayn's son Ali Zayn al-Abidin and the surviving family members during their return from Syria to Medina. [7][8][98] Karbala gave this early political party of pro-Alids a distinct religious identity and helped transform it into a distinct religious sect. Its historical and religious significance is defined by the martyrdom of Prophet Muhammad's grandson Hussain who was killed in a battle at Karbala, in modern-day Iraq. [84] Madelung holds a similar view; according to him, early accounts place the responsibility for Husayn's death on Ibn Ziyad instead of Yazid. Their slogan was "Revenge for Husayn". Can Muslims Do It? [76] Most of these sources took material from Abu Mikhnaf, in addition to some from the primary works of Awana, al-Mada'ini and Nasr ibn Muzahim. Your daughters are prisoners, your progeny are killed, and the east wind blows dust over them. All except the one which Husayn and his family were using were set on fire. May Allah Taala deal with them in the manner they deserve. The infamous Shimar, murderer of Hussain, tried to escape but he was caught and butchered. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The party sent by Yazid was defeated, and Amr was captured and executed. He is revered by Shi'i Muslims as the third imam. [40] Husayn's speech moved Al-Hurr ibn Yazid Al-Tamimi to defect to his side. Battle of Karbala, (October 10, 680 [10th of Muarram, ah 61]), brief military engagement in which a small party led by al-usayn ibn Al, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad and son of Al, the fourth caliph, was defeated and massacred by an army sent by the Umayyad caliph Yazd I. Iraq, toward Karbala, Iraq, ahead of the Arba'een religious festival on . As such he knew many eyewitnesses and collected firsthand accounts and some with very short chains of transmission, usually only one or two intermediaries. Shii Muslims across the world observe the 10th of Muarram as a day of public mourning; some perform dramas (called taziyyah in Arabic), similar to Christian passion plays, which commemorate the events at Karbala. Ashura is also asserted to have been the day of both Abraham's and Muhammad's birth and of the ascension of Jesus to heaven, and of numerous other events concerning prophets. Husayn and his followers were intercepted by the vanguard of Yazid's army, about 1,000 men led by al-Hurr ibn Yazid al-Tamimi, south of Kufa near Qadisiyya. They found some dead, trampled by the horses or burnt by the fire. They tied their horses in Masjid-al-Nabawi and allowed them to urinate and defecate inside it. [127] Buyids, a Shi'a dynasty originally from Iran which later occupied the Abbasid capital Baghdad while accepting the Abbasid caliph's suzerainty,[128] promoted the public rituals of Muharram to portray themselves as patrons of religion and to strengthen the Shi'a identity in Iraq. She criticizes Lammens' hypothesis as being based on a single isolated report and being devoid of critical analysis. [46][48], Seventy or seventy-two people died on Husayn's side, of whom about twenty were descendants of Abu Talib, the father of Ali. [46][42] There are reports of more than sixty wounds on Husayn's body,[42] which was then trampled with horses as previously instructed by Ibn Ziyad. Marwan told Walid to imprison or behead him, but due to Husayn's kinship with Muhammad, Walid was unwilling to take any action against him. The battle was the start of the Second Fitna, during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the death of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. Hand-to-hand fighting paused and further volleys of arrows were exchanged. [134] In contrast to the traditional view of Shi'ism as a religion of suffering, mourning and political quietism, Shi'a Islam and Karbala were given a new interpretation in the period preceding the revolution by rationalist intellectuals and religious revisionists like Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, Ali Shariati and Nematollah Salehi Najafabadi. His cause of death cannot be ascertained due to the lack of information, but some opinions say he did not die well. If you will not and are averse to my coming, I will leave you for the place from which I came to you. July 18, 2022 Faraz Khan Yazid was a bad man. They raped over a 1000 women. Yazid's caliphate divides opinions and is problematic. Very few availed themselves of this opportunity. Shemr wanted to burn that one too, but was prevented by his companions. Following the death of Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, at the hands of the Umayyad army in the Battle of Karbala in 680, he allied with the rival caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr in Mecca, but the alliance was short-lived. Woe to the people who forsake You now. Initially, he was unwilling to fight Husayn, but complied following Ibn Ziyad's threat to revoke his governorship. [102] With his return, Husayn and his seventy-two companions are expected to be resurrected along with their killers, who will then be punished. [105] Thereafter this tradition was limited to the Shi'a imams for several decades, before gaining momentum under the sixth Shi'a imam Jafar Sadiq and his followers. [49] He poked Husayn's mouth with a stick and intended to kill Ali Zayn al-Abidin, but spared him after the pleas of Husayn's sister Zaynab. The greatest villain of all, Ibn Ziad, the governor of Kufa at the time of Karbala, fell fighting against . [93] M. Momen sides with Jafri, citing the reports that Husayn was warned about the collapse of the Shia revolt in Kufa. According to Julius Wellhausen, most of them regretted their actions in the battle and embellished the accounts of the battle in favor of Husayn in order to dilute their guilt. 1836), Berlin (Sprenger, Nos. They could only fill twenty water-skins. [99] The historian G. R. Hawting describes the Battle of Karbala as a "supreme" example of "suffering and martyrdom" for Shi'as. My honor, my pride, my dearest Grandson". His son, Imam Mohammad Baqir, was two years old. Yazid's nomination was contested by the sons of a few prominent companions of Muhammad, including Husayn, son of the fourth caliph Ali, and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, son of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. [49] There were eighty-eight dead in Ibn Sa'd's army, who were buried before he left. The Journey of Imam Husain ('a) Leaving Medina | Remembering Karbala The armies met in January 685 at the three-day Battle of Ayn al-Warda in present-day northern Syria; most of the Tawwabin, including Ibn Surad, were killed. [144] According to Aghaie, the Shah's hostility towards various Muharram rituals, which he considered to be uncivilized, contributed to his fall. [130] The founder of the dynasty, Shah Ismail, considered himself to be the Mahdi (the twelfth Shi'a Imam) or his forerunner. Mohsin passed away in his infancy. [145] The Islamic republic that was established after the revolution has since promoted Muharram rituals. The main concept of this blog is taken from 'Al Bidayah wan-Nihayah' written by Imam ibn Kathir (R). Mukhtar then went to Mecca and had a short-lived alliance with Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, who had established himself in Mecca in opposition to Yazid. In this regard, Karbala and Muharram rituals came to be a vehicle of Safavid propaganda and a means of consolidating the dynasty's Shi'a identity. [115] In Iran, the battle scenes of Karbala are performed on stage in front of an audience in a ritual called taziya (passion play), also known as shabih. Yazid was further advised to treat Husayn with caution and not to spill his blood, since he was the grandson of Muhammad. Battle of Karbala | History, Summary, & Significance | Britannica [21][22] Mu'awiya went to Medina and pressed the four dissenters to accede. What happened after Karbala - After The Battle The troops who fell from the Umaayah side were 88 people. They were, however, still unwilling to kill him and each of them wanted to leave this to somebody else. Some of Muhammad's companions including Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (then governor of Syria), and Muhammad's widow A'isha, refused to recognize Ali.

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